Taekwondo Martial Arts from South Korean

A.      Definition of taekwondo

Taekwondo (also spelled Tae Kwon Do or Taekwon-Do) is a Korean martial art that also as the national sport of Korea. It is one of the popular martial arts in the world who competed in the Olympics.

In Korean, hanja tae means "to strike or break with foot"; Kwon means "fist"; and Do means "way" or "art". Thus, Taekwondo can be translated loosely as "the art of hand and foot" or "path" or "way of the foot and fist". The popularity of taekwondo has caused this art developed in various forms. Like many other martial arts, taekwondo is a combination of fighting techniques, martial arts, sports, fitness, entertainment, and philosophy.

Although there are many doctrinal and technical differences between the various taekwondo organizations, the art in general emphasizes kicks thrown from a mobile stance, using a range and greater leg strength to knock out an opponent from a distance. In a game, spinning kicks, 45 degrees, front, side axes are the most widely used; kicks performed includes jumping kicks, spinning, skip and drop, often in the form of a combination of a couple of kicks. Taekwondo training also includes a comprehensive system of punches and defense with his hands, but generally does not emphasize grappling (wrestling).

B.      Three of the material in rehearsal

Poomsae or series of moves is a series of basic movement techniques of attack and defense, which performed against imaginary opponents, by following a particular diagram. Each circuit diagram poomse movement constituted by Eastern philosophies and perspective illustrates the spirit of the Korean nation.

Kyokpa or solving techniques is an exercise technique using the target / inanimate objects, to measure the ability and precision technique. The target object is typically used include wood planks, bricks, tiles, and occasionally using a soft object such as paper. The technique is carried out with kicks, punches, blows, even a finger prick.

Kyorugi or exercise bout is to apply the basic movement techniques or poomse, where two people fight each practice the techniques of attack and defense techniques foot.

C.      Taekwondo History

There is a temptation to romanticize Asian martial arts as having unbroken traditions extending back thousands of years. The reality is that this is not true for many martial arts, and it is certainly not true for taekwondo. The history of Korean martial arts is punctuated in particular by the 35 year occupation of Korea by Japan at the outset of the 20th century, during which the practice of all Korean martial arts was prohibited.

What is true is that over thousands of years as Asian states invaded, warred, and conquered one another their military cultures must certainly have influenced each other and intermingled. It is important to understand though that there are no first-hand accounts of ancient Korean martial arts, so any historical account relies to some extent on educated speculation. Why are there no first-hand accounts? There are two things to keep in mind when studying Korean history: the Mongol invasion of Korea in 1231 C.E. destroyed most written records up until that time (including any written records that might have pertained to martial arts), and secondly, the Korean peninsula did not develop its own native alphabet (Hangul) until 1443 C.E. anyway, meaning that authorship of any kind was very limited in scope; only elite scholars who learned Chinese-derived Hanja could write.

Despite this dearth of written records however, we do know some things about ancient Korean martial arts. Amidst the warring and intermingling of Asian combat traditions, the ancient martial traditions that can be said to be uniquely Korean include highlights such as Korean archery (which came to the fore as a result of the aforementioned Mongol invasion) and the unarmed combat traditions of tae kyon and soo bak. These traditions are rooted in the ancient Three Kingdoms era of the Korean Peninsula, a time when the concept of "Korea" as a single state did not yet exist. The history of the Korean Peninsula is marked by constant conflict among the Three Kingdoms and also by constant invasions by Chinese, Mongol, and Japanese forces. It is in this world of seemingly endless turmoil that we find the uniquely Korean roots of Korean martial arts, and of taekwondo.

D.      Philosophy belt in Taekwondo

ü  White symbolizes purity, early / basic of all colors, starters. Here the taekwondoin learn the basic steps (gibon) 1.

ü  Yellow symbolizes the earth, where the implanted basics TKD with kuat.Mempelajari gibon 2 and 3. Before climbing up to the green belt usually yellow belt green stripe first.

ü  Green symbolizes the greenery, at this time the basic allowance ranging fostered. (Learn Taeguk 2). Before climbing into the blue belt is usually up to the green belt blue stripe first.

ü  The blue represents the blue sky surrounding the earth and everything in it, to give the sense that we have to begin to know what we have learned. (Learn Taeguk 4). Before climbing up to the usual red belt blue belt red strip first.

ü   Red symbolizes the sun means that we started to become a guide for others and remind should be able to control all our attitudes and actions. (Learn Taeguk 6). Before boarding the black belt, usually up to the red belt and red strip two strips of the first. The purpose of the sun is the degree to which a red belt in the sense of warmth or denotation starts giving knowledge or guidance.

ü  Black symbolizes the end, depth, maturity in practicing and mastering ourselves from fear and darkness. Black has a stage of Dan 1 by Dan 9. Also symbolizes the universe.    Black symbolizes the end, depth, maturity in practicing and mastering ourselves from fear and darkness. Black has a stage of Dan 1 by Dan 9. Also symbolizes the universe.

E.       Term in Taekwondo

·         Sabeum = Instructor

·         Sabeum Nim = Chief Instructor

·         Seonbae = Senior

·         Hubae = Junior

·         Tae Kwon Do Junshin = Principles of the Doctrine of Tae Kwon Do

·         Muknyeom = Meditation

·         Kihap = Yelling from inside the stomach

·         Dobok = Uniforms Tae Kwon Do

·         Ti = Belt Training

·         Wen = Left

·         Oreon = Right

·         Sijak = Start

·         Kalryeo = Stop (Provisional)

·         Keysok = Continue

·         Keuman = Done

·         A Nee = No

·         Yee = Yes

·         Eolgol = Goal top (Head)

·         Moumtong = Goals middle (Agency / Ulu Heart)

·         Under Arae = Goals (waist down)

·         Kyungrye = Regards

·         Chariot = Prepare

·         Joon Bi = Rest

·         Agam So = Rest with Hands Behind

·         Nici = A few

·         Belci Ki Manisi = Rest

·         Menicip = Supervisor Taekwondo

·         Dobeon = Twice

·         Sambeon = Three Times

·         Illjang = One

·         Yeejang = Two

·         Samjang = Three

·         Sahjang = Four

·         Ohjang = Five

·         Yukjang = Six

·         Chiljang = Seven

·         Paljang = Eight

F.       Parts of the body

1.       Body parts that were targeted (Keup So)

a.       Eolgol (Upper / Head / Face) This section covers the shoulder blades, face, head, chin, Adam's apple, the bone between the eyes, upper and lower lips.

b.      Momtong (Center / Agency) This section covers the stomach, heartburn, rib / ribs, and under the ribs where the kidneys are located in it.

c.       Are (Bottom) This section covers the navel down, the cavity under the abdominal, groin, inner thighs, and genitals.

2.       Body parts that are used for attack and defense :

a.          Head (Eolgol)

b.         Hand (Son)

c.          Sleeve (Pal)

d.         Elbow Hand (Pal Kup)

e.         Walking backs (Bal Deng)

f.           Walking Front (Ap Chuk)

g.          Knee (Mooreup)

G.     Seogi (stance)

1.       The attitude of stance were divided into three, namely:

a.       Neolpyo Seogi (attitude stance open)

b.      Moa Seogi (attitude stance covered)

c.        Poom Teuksu Seogi (attitude the special stance)

d.      Ap Seogi (Attitude Horse-Riding Road)

2.       The stances are Open

a.       Naranhi Seogi (Attitude Parallel)

b.      Jochoom Seogi (Business Attitude)

c.       Ap Seogi (Attitude Road Short)

d.      Ap Koobi Seogi (Attitude Long Way)

e.      Dwit Koobi Seogi (Attitude Stance L)

f.         Beom Seogi (Attitude Stance Tiger)

3.       The stance are closed

a.       Moa Seogi (Attitude Stance Closed)

b.      Dwi / Ap Koa Seogi (Attitude Stance Legs Crossed)

4.       The attitude of the special stance

a.       Kibon Junbi Seogi (Attitude Stance Ready)

b.      Bojumeok Junbi Seogi (Attitude

c.       r Stance Ready to Close the fist)

H.      Blow, slashes, jab, kick, and parry

1.       Blow

a.       Yeop Jireugi = Punch Side

b.      Chi Jireugi = Punch From Bottom To Top

c.       Dolryeo Jireugi = Punch hook

d.      Pyojeok Jireugi = Punch with Goals

e.      Momtong Jireugi = Blow Lead to the Central (Blow Lead to Ulu Heart)

f.        Are Jireugi = Blow Down

g.       Oreon Jireugi = Punches With Right Hand Carried While Kick (Ap Chagi)

h.      Eolgol Jirugi = Blow Up (Blow Lead to Head)

i.         Sambion Jireugi = Blow Down, Stomach, And Head

2.       Slashes

a.       Sonnal Han Mok Chigi = slashes with Knife Hand

b.      Jebipoom Mok Chigi = slashes from Outside to In the Parry Knife Hand

c.       Me Jumeok Naeryo Chigi = slashes from Top to Bottom

d.      Dung Ap Jumeok Eolgul Chigi = slashes Front with tuber Up fist with Top Target

e.      Palkup Dollyo Chigi = slashes Playing with Elbow Hand

f.        Palkup Pyojeok Chigi = slashes Elbow Hand with targets

g.       Mureup Chigi = slashes with Knee

h.      Deung Jumeok Bakkat Chigi = slashes from inside to outside with tuber up to fist

3.      Jab

a.        Pyeonsonkeut Sewo Chireugi = jab with Palms Upright

b.      Pyeonsonkeut Upeo Chireugi = jab with Palms Horizontal

c.       Kawison keut Chireugi = jab with 2 fingers to Directions Eyes

d.      Hanson keut Chireugi = jab with one finger to Directions Eyes

4.      Kick

a.       Ap Chagi = front kick using the front foot

b.      Dollyo Chagi = Kick Backs Using Walking

c.       Yeop Chagi = kick leg side with a knife

d.      Dwi Chagi = Kick back

e.      Ap Twieo Chagi = front kick performed while jumping

f.        Dwi Twieo Chagi = kick back that is done while hopping

g.       Twieo Yeop Chagi = side kick performed while jumping

h.      Dubal Dangsang Chagi = kick with two target

i.         Goley / Narray Chagi = double kick

j.        Sip Chagi An Chagi = Kick performed while jumping and parry aremaki

k.       Penriyti Chagi = kick around.

l.         Dwi Huryeo Chagi = kick spun through the back.

m.    Deol Chagi = kick to the head using a hoe heel

n.      Aidan Dollyo Chagi = kick Using Walking Home Towards Stomach

5.      Parry

a.       Are Maki = Parry downward to deflect the kick

b.      Eolgol Makki = Parry toward the head

c.       Talent Momtong Makki = Parry of directions in using the inside of the forearm.

d.      Momtong An Makki = Parry of directions in using the outside of the forearm.

e.      An Makki = Parry from the outside.

f.        Bina Makko An Makki = Parry starting forearm and entry into the must go through the upper arm

g.       An Palmok Momtong Bakkat Makki = Parry toward forearm

h.      Momtong An Makki = Parry to the middle from the outside in

i.         Momtong Bakkat Makki = Parry into the middle from the inside out

j.        Sonnal Momtong Makki = Parry to the middle with a knife hand

k.       Son rod Momtong An Makki = Parry from the middle to the outside with padded palms

l.         Kawi Makki = Parry cutting

m.    Sonnal Bitureo Makki = Parry twist with one hand knife

n.      Hecho Makki = double Parry outward

o.      Eotgoreo Arae Makki = Parry's cross towards the bottom

p.      Wesanteul Makki = Parry double cut down and out

TAEGUK

·         Taegeuk 1 - Il Jang

A series of actions which apply the principle of palgwe Keon
Keon symbolizes something great and supreme, which became the origin of everything. Keon is the beginning of everything that exists on earth is the source of creation and the power that comes from the sky. Similarly sky which gives sunlight and rain, which made everything keeps growing and alive. Taegeuk-1 is simple but done with the full force and might reveal appropriate character.

·         Taegeuk 2 - I Jang

A series of actions which apply the principle of palgwe Tae.
Tae describe the courage and gentleness. in Tae, a person inner remain firm but his style seems gentle, cope with a smile and virtue. for the Taegeuk should be conducted in a gentle but powerful.

·         Taegeuk 3 - Sam Jang

A series of actions which apply the principle of Ri from palgwe
Ri depict the sun and fire, thus Taegeuk 3 should be done with passion and power are varied.

·         Taegeuk 4 - Sa Jang

A series of actions which apply the principle of palgwe Jin.
Jin describes the thunder and lightning that cause panic and fear, but the blue sky and bright sunlight will reappear. This principle teaches us that in the face of danger and fear we should be calm and brave. so does the Taegeuk 4 there was some movement difficult and requires calmness and good balance while doing it.

·         Taegeuk 5 - O Jang

A series of actions which apply the principle of palgwe Seon.
These principles describe the wind, which smooth the original disposition and waft the breeze, but it can be a devastating storm. it reflects the nature of humility and kindness. This can be seen in the Taegeuk repetitive motion, and there is a movement that looks monotonous and that occasional jerking strongly.

·         Taegeuk 6 - Yok Jang

A series of actions which apply the principle of palgwe Gam.
This principle describes the water, which is the most flexible element; its shape can change, but not change substantially. it gives the sense that the various difficulties and suffering we experience can be overcome if we keep moving forward, and armed with a strong sense of confidence.

·         Taegeuk 7 - Chill Jang

A series of actions which apply the principle of palgwe Gan.
Gan symbolizes a mountain, which became a symbol of stability because they never move. and peak remind us to know when to act and when to stop. it teaches us that in every action we are not reckless. Taegeuk is done with complete peace, but still looks solid and steady.

·         Taegeuk 8 - Pal Jang

A series of actions which apply the principle of palgwe Gon.